中注管：下注时安放于底板中央用以集中接受钢水的内衬空心耐火砖的铸铁管。有整体式和两半式两种，中国多采用前者。中注管高度高于钢锭模200～300mm，内径为150～200mm。
介绍了避免无填料和衬芯的长矩形管弯曲成形后管壁出现内陷及折痕的工艺，模具结构特点及设计中注意的事项，模具结构合理，便于加工、装配及使用。
The technology to avoid the dishing and folding of pipe shell appearing at the bending of long rectangular non-stuffing and coreless tube was introduced.
最新的晶体管尺寸非常小，在其通道中掺杂只要往硅中注入少量杂质原子，如果这个量掌握得不好，晶体管的正常运行就会受到影响。
The latest devices, though, are so small that doping their channels involves placing just a handful of dopant atoms among the silicon. Get the number wrong, and things will not work properly.
讨论了实际设计中双管板换热器管板的计算以及双管板管板间距的计算，并提出在设计中注意的问题。
The calculations of barrel panels and panel space of the double barrel panels heat interchanger are discussed. Some problems which should be paid attention to are put forward in this paper.
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