你参加了专业学会或行业协会没有？
这些基本上是为成员提供互助和保护，并允许维持专业标准的专业协会。
These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards.
成本如此之高的另一个原因是行业协会具有约束性的所有权结构等限制性因素。
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.
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