下垫面是大气与其下界的固态地面或液态水面的分界面,是大气的主要热源和水汽源,也是低层大气运动的边界面。因此下垫面的性质对大气物理状态与化学组成的影响很大。 下垫面也可以说是地球表面的特征,如海陆分布、地形起伏和地表粗糙度、植被、土壤湿度、雪被面积等等,它对气候的影响十分显著。
下垫面 (underlying surface):承受降水的流域表面的自然地理和河系 特征,如地势、地貌、水文地质、土壤、植被、水面等特征。
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Especially the precipitation, the atmospheric humidity and the underlying surface situation of arid region directly influence the forming and the developing of sandstorm.
由于气候的波动变化和人类活动的干扰,使荒漠环境也在不同区域受到不同程度影响,尤其是干旱地区的降水、大气湿润程度和下垫面状况都直接影响着沙尘暴的发生和发展。
参考来源 - 期刊学术社区The underlying surface has been divided into non-permeable layer and permeable layer. The abstraction loss of the former mainly consider depression storage , but the latter should also should add infiltration loss.
下垫面条件有不透水和透水之分,前者的降雨损失主要考虑洼地蓄水,而后者的降雨则还应包括下渗损失分别建立模型计算。
参考来源 - 上海市中心城区雨洪模型研究·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
城区降雨径流过程主要受降雨过程和下垫面变化的影响。
The process of runoff in urban area is mainly influenced by rainfall process and underlying surfaces variation.
由于井场所位于的山区地形下垫面特殊,气体扩散过程比较复杂。
As well located at the mountain terrain special surface, the gas diffusion process more complicated.
结果表明:观测结果差异的大小主要受太阳辐射和下垫面状况影响。
The results show that the difference was mainly influenced by solar radiation and the conditions of underlying surface.
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