“海洋生态系统是由多种资源孕育而非单一依靠冰川，”胡德说，“例如，洋面上升是一种自然循环现象，富含养分的冷水从海底升起，滋养了海面的生物。 但是，由于冰川的融化而导致大量淡水突如其来涌入海洋，这可能会破坏洋流的正常循环。”

But a sudden influx of fresh water from melting ice could also disrupt the ocean currents that drive upwelling.

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目前机理还未完全弄清楚的上升的洋流，自一月份开始，已经使超过一千只鸟儿登陆巴西——远远超过平常。

Ocean-circulation shifts, which aren't well understood, have landed more than a thousand birds in Brazil since January--many more than usual.

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厄尔尼诺现象发生时，太平洋的洋流将温暖的海水带到海洋表面，导致气温上升，进而导致亚洲及环太平洋地区天气状况发生变化。

During El Nino, currents in the Pacific Ocean bring warm water to the surface and heat up the air. As a result, weather patterns across much of Asia and other regions around the Pacific have shifted.

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