上位作用(epistatic effect)：两对基因同时控制一个单位性状发育，其中一对基因对另一对基因的表现具有遮盖作用，这种基因互作类型称为上位作用。
这称为上位相互作用。
上位效应平方和占总产仔数和活产仔数总遗传变异平方和的比例分别为6 3%和6 5 % ，可见上位效应对窝产仔数群体间遗传差异作用不大。
Epistatic component accounted for 6 3% for the total number born, and 6 5% for the number born alive, which showed that epistatic effect was not important in the genetic variation between populations.
这些是受复等位基因或含分离等位基因的位点支配的，上位性也可能靠它而起了作用。
These were controlled by multiple allels or by loci with allels that segregate independently whereby epistasis also may have played a role.
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