并对这三个副词构成的羡余否定式进行历史溯源，考证其生成机制。
The diachronic source of redundant negation is traced and its generative mechanism is also researched on.
本文探讨副词“确实”单独成句的规约，分三个角度：一、“确实”成句句法上的自由性、语境依赖性；
This paper discusses the rule of sentence-making for the modal adverb "que-shi" from three aspects: 1. the freedom and context for making up a sentence with "que-shi";
第一部分，从这三个或然语气副词对谓词的选择限制、句中位置、独用以及共现情况四个方面进行了考察。
In the first part, we observe from four aspects: alternative limitation, sentence position, solo use and co-occurrence.
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