We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all.

事实上，我们发现这里根本没有任何冻结多年的冰层。

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We'd been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that's been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker.

我们被引导着去相信我们能找到很大一部分经过多年冻结形成的更古老、更厚的冰层，这些冰已经存在很多年了，而且会越来越厚。

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The problem is that much of that refreezing creates a relatively thin layer of so-called first-year ice.

问题是，重新冻结的冰很大程度上相对较薄，所以被称为“首年冰”。

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The scientists say that ice formed less than one year earlier covered almost half of the extent.

VOA: special.2009.10.27

Yet some sea ice in the Arctic melts each year during summer in the Northern Hemisphere.

VOA: special.2009.10.27

Explorer Pen Hadow led a two-and-a-half-month trek earlier this year that revealed Arctic ice is melting faster than previously thought.

VOA: standard.2009.12.13

Towards the end, it will experience some of the single-year ice - ice that would not normally be expected to survive summer conditions.

BBC: Arctic team targets key ice data

The latest findings show that virtually all the ice surveyed is what is called first-year ice, ice that only grew this past winter, as opposed to tougher multi-year ice which survives the warmth of summer.

BBC: Arctic team gives up on ice radar

Hansen suggested that a 10-year doubling time was plausible, pointing out that such a doubling time from a base of 1 mm per year ice sheet contribution to sea level in the decade 2005-2015 would lead to a cumulative 5-metre sea-level rise by 2095.

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