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To ensure that yasak was paid, native women and children were taken hostage, enslaved and raped.
ECONOMIST: The Amur River
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Piotr Golovin, the Cossack governor of Yakutsk, hung men on meat hooks when yasak quotas went unfulfilled.
ECONOMIST: The Amur River
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In the name of the tsar, they demanded pelts as yasak (tribute) from reindeer herders, steppes nomads and hunter-gatherers.
ECONOMIST: The Amur River