So, remember, when we did it first over z, we start by fixing a point, x and y, and for that value of x and y, we look at a small vertical slice and see from where to where we have to go.

要牢记，当我们对z积分时，首先固定一个点，看看它们的值，取一个垂直切片,并找出z的积分限。

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Whoever the artist was, the X-rays showed that the landscape was painted horizontally, and that Picasso rotated the canvas for the vertical composition of "the Actor."

不管那个艺术家是谁，X光检查显示该画是水平绘制的，而毕加索则将画布旋转了90度并完成了《演员》这幅作品。

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In most applications, the graph shows how signals change over time: the vertical (Y) axis represents voltage and the horizontal (x) axis represents time.

在大多数应用中，图形显示信号随时间而变化：垂直(y)轴表示电压和横向(x)轴代表时间。

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For example, suppose you use vertical motion and you use y instead of x; and a would be g or -g; that's a particle falling down under the affect of gravity.

例如,假设在竖直运动中,你用 y 来代替 x,那么 a 就是 g 或者 -g,这就是一个受重力作用下落的质点

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选