One reason for this is that musical notation for chants of this time did not exist, for at this time chants were an entirely oral rather than written tradition.

其中一个原因就是那个时期圣咏的音乐符号现在已经不存在了，在这个时候就是一个完全的口头而不是书面的传统。

youdao

Unlike written stories, the spoken tradition is not created by any one person.

与书面故事不同，口述传说并非由任何一人所创造。

youdao

In Rwanda, the oral tradition is more important than the written one.

在卢旺达，口头的传说比写出来的更加重要。

youdao

They study the old tradition which is now actually written down in Talmudic people heard of.

这些学生学习古老的传统,这些传统现在实际上已写在了,人们听说过的《犹太教法典》中。

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Arab literature is an oral rather than written tradition.

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"In a continent in which most of the memory of peoples is transferred orally through storytelling and can be lost, the people in Timbuktu had a written tradition that is quite rare in Africa, " he said.

CNN: , for

Malian Ambassador to South Africa Sinaly Coulibaly said that while African history and culture were often associated with an oral tradition, the Timbuktu documents were a reminder that African knowledge comprises both a written and oral tradition.

BBC: Decorated manuscript