The country's seniority-based organizations, and the low participation of women and foreigners in the society and workplace, are often seen as a root of the economy's stagnation.

日本的组织机构都是唯资历是从，同时女性和外国人在社会和职场的参与度很低，这种情况通常被认为是经济停滞的根源。

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The last time the participation rate was so low was in May 1979, before the surge of women into the workplace in the 1980s and 1990s.

WSJ: Review & Outlook: Making Work Not Pay