Scientific research is guided by theories, working hypotheses, operational frameworks, and the like.

科学研究需要理论指导，提出假说，操作框架等诸如此类的步骤。

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Any way of hearing and saying is based upon the theoretical frame of working hypotheses made by different schools about symptoms.

任何一种听、说方式都建立在不同学派对症状不同工作假设的理论背景之下。

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You integrate new information, toss out current beliefs, and fill the gaps with new working hypotheses, but what are the mechanisms by which personality reaches out and connects to the physical world?

您拼凑新的信息，摈弃目前的信仰，用新的可行的假设填补空白，但人的性格是通过什么样的方式与物质世界融合在一起的呢？

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Situation A: PhD student A copies a paragraph leading up to one of his hypotheses from a working paper by someone else he found on the web, without citation.

FORBES: I Am an Academic Fraud