Despite the fact that these variables can be difficult to fully anticipate without research, they often become the basis of the persona hypothesis for consumer products.

尽管不经过研究很难完全预测，这些变量常常作为消费品人物角色假设的依据。

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The scientists conducted this research without their informed permission.

VOA: special.2010.07.21

stem cell research can go on without the ethical dilemma provided by killing embryos.

干细胞研究者可以免受由于杀死胚胎而带来的道德困境。

干细胞和伦理 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

"We need to recognize at the outset that what we do to animals from their perspective certainly, and probably from ours is morally wrong and unacceptable, and that it's really important to follow through on all these exciting new leads into ways of doing research without using animals."

VOA: standard.2010.02.16

It was thoughtfully curated, arranged and indexed so a normal, intelligent person without research training could find them.

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"Without research we're into the territory of try it and hope it works, which is not what our students want or expect from us, " George says.

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"I'm just amazed how many men start a hormone without doing research, " he says.

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