Most likely is that they will either eventually be given amnesty, and hence citizenship, or they will become permanent residents without citizenship, but with many of the rights of citizens.

而最可能的是，他们要不最终获得特赦因此获得国籍，要不变成没有国籍的永久居民但拥有许多公民权利。

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However, they may reside and work in the United States without restrictions and apply for citizenship under the same rules as other resident aliens.

然而，他们可以不受限制的在美国居住和工作，并且可以像其他外国籍的居民一样申请成为公民。

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Critics say PRs enjoy the benefits of citizenship without all the responsibilities, such as national service for men (first-generation PRs are generally exempt).

ECONOMIST: Singapore and immigration

At least without renouncing American citizenship.

FORBES: How New Offshore Bank Rules Will Affect Americans

The legacy of the Soviet years has left a mark which the country carries with it into its EU era: Many Russian-speakers complain of discrimination, saying strict language laws make it hard to get jobs or citizenship without proficiency in Estonian.

BBC: Estonia country profile