The authors go on to say that another problem with the current UC system is that public investment has not kept pace with increasing demand for higher education.

FORBES: Does Higher Education Need To Go Back To The Fifties?

But author Miyamoto sees the current phenomenon as part of increasing disaffection with the constraints placed on adolescents in Japan's conservative society.

CNN: A SOCK TO THE SYSTEM

But Girlguiding UK said an increasing number of girls and volunteers do not identify with the current oath.

BBC: Girl Guides consult on oath change