These astringent molecules found in grapes (and in the oak barrels used in winemaking) do a real number on your tongue.

这些苦涩的分子来自葡萄和酿造所用的橡木桶，能给人强烈的味觉刺激。

youdao

They visited a winemaking town in Tuscany. Crespina, with about four thousand people, became a sister city to Staten Island.

他们参观了意大利托斯卡纳区的造酒城镇Crespina，这个拥有4000人口的小镇成为了史坦顿岛的姐妹城市。

youdao

They were the top winemaking family of their day, and founded a fashionable restaurant, called Pontack’s Head, in London, in 1663.

他们是当时最优秀的酿酒之家，1663年在伦敦开了一家时髦的餐馆，名叫“彭塔克总店”（Pontack’s Head）。

youdao

It is similar to the cheap plonk sold in France and other European winemaking countries.

ECONOMIST: Why a cult $2 plonk has America's wine industry in a spin

But it has no truck with the "fruit-forward" winemaking approach of many successful Australian exporters.

FORBES: Magazine Article

New Mexico winemaking, mostly for religious functions, is said to go back 375 years.

FORBES: Cru Rio Grande