Furthermore, in many associations, the members will regularly provide additional financial support, which comes in a wide variety of forms such as contributions to a foundation as well as the services and products they purchase from the association.
It is supposed to be one of the most biologically inert substances known, and has been used in various forms in a wide range of other medical devices for decades.
Finally, Madoff's giant Ponzi scheme, some of which appears to be plain fraud, though system-wide irregularities also point to subtler forms of corruption and capture.