For some time they have operated a "wholesale" pricing model with Amazon under which the online retailer pays publishers for books and then decides what it charges the public for them.

一段时间以来，它们与亚马逊之间采用了一种“批发”定价模式。在此模式下，在线零售商向出版商支付书款并自行决定该书面向公众的售价。

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We welcome orders from end users and wholesale merchants as well. We'll be happy to establish a long term partnership with you, as our partner you will be able to get the most favorable pricing.

欢迎各位买家及批发商前来订购，我们很乐意与你们建立长期的合作关系，作为合作伙伴你们将可以得到更加优惠的价格。

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For authors and publishers, the agency model provides them with greater control over the timing of their promotions and higher per-unit earnings of 70% of the list price as opposed to 50% for the conventional wholesale pricing model.

CNN: A dark day for the future of books

Second, because Amazon was propagating a technology platform as the front end of a book ecosystem, publishers feared a future monopoly in which Amazon controlled the market to such an extent as to control wholesale pricing and other business terms.

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There's regulatory models in Europe where the high-capacity networks just won't be built because they've set sort of equalization in terms of the sublease rate, the wholesale pricing rate that means you're just not gonna do a high-definition interactive network.

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