When a bank fails, each subsidiary has to be dealt with separately, which can introduce a lot of complexities.

一家银行倒闭，每一家子公司都必须单独进行处理，这会导致许多复杂的问题。

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What is needed is a clearer line between creditors who would bear loss when a bank fails and those who would be protected.

需要做的是在银行破产时，明确划分哪些是需要承担损失的债权人，而那些需要被保护的。

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Redundant memory provides the system with a failover memory bank when a memory bank fails.

冗余内存在某个内存块故障时为系统提供一个故障转移的内存块。

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The second weakness is that national bank supervisors get too close to the institutions they are supposed to be policing, and treat them too leniently, to the detriment of taxpayers and sometimes other countries that also suffer when a big bank fails.

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The impact, however, will be partly softened for the City of London by giving more favourable treatment to long-term pay linked to the health of a bank, such as equity or bonds that are written down when an institution fails.

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