Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form.

火山活动所散发的热量和水是形成生命的两个基本条件。

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The Romans observed that, when volcanic ash mixes with water and then cools, it gets extremely hard and almost impossible to break up.

罗马人观察到，当火山灰与水混合然后冷却，火山灰变得非常坚硬，几乎不可能分解。

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They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam.

地热能主要以干热的岩石、自然热水或自然蒸汽的形式出现在近期火山活动的区域。

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Clays are water-loving materials (just ask any friends who make pottery), sometimes forming from the interaction of water and different kinds of precursor volcanic rocks, and holding much of that water within their mineral structures.

CNN: Have a drink on Mars

Such spherules can form through the action of water, but a volcanic or impact origin is also possible.

BBC: Opportunity and Curiosity find similar rocks on Mars

However, scientists are testing the theory that the volcanic eruption has increased iron in the water and will prolong the spring blooms into summer.

CNN: Could volcanic eruptions signal boom time for ocean life?