abstract:Viperin (Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible), also known as RSAD2 (radical SAM domain-containing 2), is a multifunctional protein in viral processes, which could be induced in a variety of cell types by different cellular factors, such as type I II and III interferon, DNA and RNA viral proteins, poly (I: C) and polysaccharide. Recently, it is reported that viperin could be induced in either IFN-dependent or IFN-independent pathway.