vertical alignment constraints 竖直方向对齐约束
This paper puts forward secrete systems of monopoly goods by considering monopolists,resellers and consumers. The retail price strategies of vertical constraints and vertical integration arediscussed, and some important price strategies are given.
从垄断者、零售商、消费者出发，建立了垄断产品的离散控制系统，并分析了该系统的纵向控制与一体化策略中的零售定价策略，得到了均衡状态下的定价策略。
参考来源 - 垄断产品的纵向控制与一体化分析·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
The example still has two views, four horizontal constraints, and four vertical constraints.
该示例依旧有两个视图，四个水平约束，以及四个垂直约束。
Following the earlier rule of thumb, this layout has two views, four horizontal constraints, and four vertical constraints.
参照之前的规则，该布局有两个视图，四个水平约束，以及四个垂直约束。
Businesses need to impose unique constraints on this information even when they use vertical industry standards for exchange.
即使在交换中使用纵向行业标准，企业仍然需要对这些信息应用唯一的约束。
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