比较可以分为纵向比较（vertical comparison）和横向比较（horizontal comparison）两种。所谓纵向比较，即与自身的历史相比；所谓横向比较，即与外界的同类相比。
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Fourth, subjective well-being is affected not only by the horizontal comparison but also by the impact of vertical comparison.
第四，主观幸福感既受到横向比较的影响，又受到纵向比较的影响。
This thesis analyses and studies the legal adjustment of security market internationalization according to the transverse and vertical comparison.
本文旨在通过对证券市场国际化的纵向与横向比较，对我国证券市场国际化的法律调整进行了分析和研究。
According to different standards, there are different pairs of methods, such as horizontal and vertical comparison, macroscopical and microscopic comparison, and entitative and formal comparison, etc.
其方法按照不同标准可分为横向比较方法及纵向比较方法，宏观比较方法及微观比较方法，实体比较方法和形式比较方法等等。
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