The arrangement rule of the vegetation ecosystem reflects the change of groundwater runoff.

植被生态系统的这种规律性反映了地下径流（潜流场）的变化。

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The vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf area index (LAI) are two key important land vegetation ecosystem status parameters.

植被指数(NDVI)和叶面积指数(LAI)是两个非常重要的陆地生态系统植被状态参数。

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The site is located in an ecosystem called High Jungle, which ranges from dry mountain forests at low elevations to the mountaintop vegetation.

它位于称为高丛林的生态系统中，从低海拔的干燥山林延伸到山顶的植被。

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"The upper ecosystem from the upper vegetation limit to the glacier is essentially the same over all climatic zones from the North Pole to the Antarctic, " says Mr Messerli.

UNESCO: 83e

The spread threatens to smother vegetation that is a source of food for a variety of animals, raising concerns about the stability of the ecosystem's food chain.

BBC: Invasive species have a 'delayed legacy', says report