These factors may include the incentive compensation of executives, lack of monitoring by boards of directors, and managerial error in estimating the value of firms targeted for acquisition.

这些因素可能包括高管的激励性薪酬、董事会缺乏监督以及管理层在估计收购目标公司价值时的错误。

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Investors could combine all of them to analyze the performance and forecast the value of firms.

投资者可以结合他们的表现进行分析，并预测企业的价值。

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The corporate value of firms that do business in related industries is better than the firms in unrelated industries.

从事相关多元化的企业价值要高于从事非相关多元化的企业。

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As Dharmapala notes, research shows that while the value of firms with high dividend yields rose, the value of non-dividend paying firms rose even more.

FORBES: Senate Democrats Make Curious Choice To Keep Dividend Taxes Low

At one point in the early afternoon in New York, the Nasdaq composite index - which reflects the value of tech firms - was down nearly 7% on the day, and had plunged to just half its value from from the high point of 5, 048.6 it reached on 10 March.

BBC: Tech shares battered on Wall Street

The average book value of the life firms' shares is now equivalent to 14, 900 on the Nikkei 225 stockmarket average, compared with the Nikkei's actual level of around 20, 600.

ECONOMIST: Japanese insurance