Although the two boards are close with respect to accounting principles, they diverge on actual rules regarding how to recognise bad debt and book changes in the fair value of loans.

虽然这两个委员会在会计准则方面联系非常密切，他们在关于如何辨别坏账和贷款的公证价格的预订更改的实际操作产生分歧。

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And the value of Banks' assets is being sheltered by central Banks' asset purchases and more generous accounting rules.

而银行资产价值将受央行买入资产及更宽松的会计制度所庇护。

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Accounting rules require that investments are held at "fair value" -the price at which they can be sold to a third party in an orderly transaction.

会计准则规定，在一个有序交易下，投资人以“公允价值”的价格出售给第三方。

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Based on fair-value accounting rules, Goldman forced lower fire-sale marks on the industry which put some financial institutions out of business almost overnight.

FORBES: It's Getting Harder To Defend Goldman Sachs

Other government policies that have distorted financial markets, thereby undermining the EMH, include shielding credit-rating agencies from lawsuits, government-sanctioned fair-value accounting rules, enforcing credit-default swaps where there is no insurable interest, mispriced deposit insurance, government-sponsored enterprises, and the over-promotion of home ownership.

ECONOMIST: Economic reasoning

The most immediate is the mark-to-market, or so-called fair-value accounting, rules that regulators have been enforcing since the early 1990s.

FORBES: Magazine Article