Taking into account the scale and boundary condition effects of the model, the numerical results have been proved to be a relatively conservative reliable valuation.

考虑模型尺寸效应及模型边界条件的影响，计算结果为相对保守的可靠估计。

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The social effects of urban mass transit consist of tangible and intangible effects. The latter is quite difficult to be quantitatively estimated when we use the method of market valuation.

城市轨道交通社会效益包括有形效益和无形效益，其无形效益的估算难以用市场评价法来定量化。

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The effects of soybean proteins supplementation and the addition of emulsifier on the characteristics of bread, including water absorption, loaf volume and sensory valuation and texture.

研究了添加不同大豆制品对面包品质的影响，包括面包吸水能力、面包体积、感官以及面包质构等的变化，同时研究了乳化剂对这种影响的消除作用。

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Interestingly, the trend can be explained entirely by valuation effects, with the trade-weighted dollar depreciating 4%% in that time frame.

FORBES: Dollar's Share Of Global Reserves Continues To Slide, Reserve Status Questioned

This is a flow variable and so should largely exclude currency valuation effects, but the drawback is that it will usually overstate the amount of official FX intervention as it includes monthly foreign exchange transactions by the PBoC and commercial banks.

FORBES: How Much Longer Can China Accumulate Reserves?

Of the three approaches, methods 1 and 3, using currency shares and empirics respectively to adjust for currency valuation effects, result in robust relationships between changes in currency-adjusted FX reserves and the BOP surplus, whereas method 2 using forex purchases as an alternative proxy for adjusted FX reserves is inferior.

FORBES: How Much Longer Can China Accumulate Reserves?