The primary presenting clinical signs of urolithiasis in horses with cystic and urethral calculi include hematuria, pollakiuria and dysuria.
在患有囊性和尿道结石的马中，主要表现为尿路结石的临床体征包括血尿，尿频和尿痛。
Conclusion MPCNL used to treat the impacted proximal urethral calculi have satisfied effects and a lot of merits.
结论MPCNL治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石疗效确切，具有诸多的优点，值得推广应用。
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in the treatment of urethral calculi.
目的：探讨尿路结石体外冲击波碎石的治疗效果。
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