Xinran's initial contact with village life was a shock for which nothing in her urban background had prepared her, and one that reverberates through all her books.

欣然对农村生活的初次接触使她感到震惊，她的城市生活背景使她没有为此做好准备，这种震惊回荡在整部书中。

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To such people, urban sprawl and water pollution come as a nasty shock.

ECONOMIST: Cities and growth