In December, a group led by Stephen Chou at the University of Minnesota announced that it had got a single-electron transistor to work albeit unreliably at room temperature.
Through the mastery of double negatives, dodging and burning, and other darkroom deceits, talented photographers including Wanda Wulz and Bill Brandt (whose work is the subject of an upcoming MoMA retrospective) made the medium as unreliably personal as the most fantastical painters had ever achieved on canvas.