Even more striking is the claim made by the Duke researchers that patent exclusivity is not necessary to spur innovation in genetic testing. Dr Cook-Deegan argues that testing, unlike pricey drug development, has low barriers to entry and is relatively cheap, so a monopoly is not required to lure investors. As evidence, he points to the case of cystic fibrosis: unlike breast cancer, no monopoly patent blocks access to the relevant gene, and dozens of rival testing companies flourish.
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As evidence, he points to the case of cystic fibrosis: unlike breast cancer, no monopoly patent blocks access to the relevant gene, and dozens of rival testing companies flourish.
他以囊性纤维化为例：不像乳腺癌，在这个领域没有获取相关基因的使用权不受垄断专利权限制，因此许多相互竞争的检验公司纷纷成立。
Unlike the hormonal treatment Herceptin, which is effective in only 20 per cent of patients with oestrogen-positive breast cancer, chemotherapy works for all women.
与赫赛汀激素疗法不同的是，赫赛汀激素疗法仅对20%雌激素阳性的乳腺癌患者有效，而该化疗是针对所有乳腺癌妇女的。
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