"It is really about the unequal distribution of the reward, " Range said. "If it was only about frustration they would stop at the same time."

“这实际上是关乎于奖赏分配之不平等的，”瑞治说，“如果仅仅是挫败感让狗做出这样的反映，那么他们在之后的单独测验中不会表现出这样的不同，而应该是和之前差不多同时停下来拒绝合作的。”

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One of the most common cheats, and the hardest to stop, is that of unequal information.

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Only two among many measures aimed at turning a costly fiscal deficit into a surplus, these laws carried a powerful political message: if Brazil is ever to stop being one of the world's most unequal and unjust societies, it needs to redirect public spending away from privileged groups, and towards the unprivileged the more than 50m of its citizens who live in poverty.

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