Even if the underlying implementation is changed without impacting the contract, often service consumers do not want to incur the risk of accepting a new implementation without thorough testing.

尽管底层实现发生改变并没有影响到契约，但通常服务客户不愿承担使用一个未经过完整测试的新方法所带来的风险。

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Derivative instruments: a contract whose value changes as prices move in a related or underlying commodity or financial instrument.

衍生金融工具：一种合同，其价值随着有关或特定商品或金融工具的价格变动而变化。

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A call is option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the underlying futures contract at the strike price on or before the expiration date.

看涨期权赋予买方以权利，但不必负有义务，在期权到期日当天或到期之前，按敲定价格买进相关期货合约。

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Derivatives are also used in speculation, whereby investors can increase profit if the value of the underlying contract moves in the way they expect.

BBC: US plans derivatives regulations

But part of the underlying social contract is you take a hunk of that and pay forward for the next kid who comes along.

FORBES: Elizabeth Warren and the Liberal Narrative

If we don't, we won't be delivering the underlying pension contract, and the pension promise my weekend acquaintance was relying on from his financial advisor is not worth a dime.

FORBES: Opinion