Then, the films were characterized with X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet visible light absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy(AFM).

用X光电子能谱、X射线衍射、紫外可见吸收光谱、原子力显微镜等手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征。

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The interaction between propranolol and gold nanoparticle was studied by Rayleigh light scattering spectrum, ultraviolet-visible spectrum and transmission electron microscopy.

利用瑞利散射光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱，并结合透射电子显微技术研究了盐酸普萘洛尔与纳米金的相互作用。

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The particle size and distribution were determined by transmission electron microscopy and laser particle size distribution analyzer, ultraviolet-visible absorption curve was also characterized.

通过透射电镜、激光粒度分布仪等测定了纳米颗粒的粒径和分布情况，并对纳米金溶胶的紫外可见吸收曲线进行了研究。

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These tools span much of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to ultraviolet to the infrared - and of course microscopy with visible light.

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