Insects and pathogens are integral components of forest ecosystems and normally are present at a relatively low density, causing little damage, and having negligible impact on tree growth and vigour.
昆虫和病原体是森林生态系统的固有成分，通常其密度相对较低，所造成的损害较小，对树木生长及其活力的影响微乎其微。
Summer pruning devitalises the tree on an extent and consequently reduces excessive vigour.
夏剪能在一定程度上减弱植株的生命力，从而削弱过分的生长势。
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