A new method which neither center stakes nor cross - sectional directions about route layout side slope stakes from traverse stations, is discussed in this paper.
提出一种无需放样路线的中桩，也无需测定横断面方向，在导线点上直接放样路线边线的新方法。
By its adjustment procedure, the effect formula of initial-bearing's error on adjustments of a straight and equal-side connecting traverse are introduced with the method of true error analysis.
结合附合导线平差过程，文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式；通过分析与数据计算，得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律；
If skiers can traverse a slope on both the little toe edge side of the uphill and the big toe edge side of the downhill ski; they can ski with parallel movements.
如果滑雪者可以遍历两小脚趾的上坡和大脚趾的下坡滑雪边缘一侧的边缘一侧的斜坡，他们可以滑雪平行运动。
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