A new method which neither center stakes nor cross - sectional directions about route layout side slope stakes from traverse stations, is discussed in this paper.
提出一种无需放样路线的中桩，也无需测定横断面方向，在导线点上直接放样路线边线的新方法。
By its adjustment procedure, the effect formula of initial-bearing's error on adjustments of a straight and equal-side connecting traverse are introduced with the method of true error analysis.
结合附合导线平差过程，文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式；通过分析与数据计算，得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律；
It presents a least side length weight inverse method of traverse for minimum norm estimate without iteration.
提出一个不需要迭代的最小范数估计的导线最小侧边权逆法。
应用推荐