But, it is inherent in the physics of the transistor, when it is used in this manner, that the output will vary by a known amount for a given change in temperature.

不过，当这么使用晶体管时，因为其固有物理属性，对于某一给定的温度改变其输出也会产生一个已知数量的变化。

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The success of the transistor and advances in solid-state physics provided the foundation for another new technology, integrated circuits, IC's.

晶体管技术的成功和固态物理的进步为另一项新技术奠定了基础，那就是集成电路，也就是IC。

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In contrast, William Shockley's transistor, invented 70 years later, involved a lot of new physics that Shockley and his colleagues had to work out for themselves.

与此相反，70s以后威廉·肖克利发明的晶体管，涉及到许多新的需要肖克利和他的同事必须解决的物理现象。

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One final piece of the competitive puzzle for TSMC is the economic inflection point that the chip business is approaching as transistor shrinkage increasingly encounters the limitations of physics.

FORBES: 2013 Looks Like A Banner Year For TSMC But Threats Are On The Horizon

What follows the transistor will, on this reasoning, most likely be just another kind of transistor: one that is not thrown off balance by the uncertainties of quantum physics, but instead uses them.

ECONOMIST: The transistor��s heir