Studies that tried to track how chain letters propagate by email suffered from selection bias because they included only posts that had been "fossilized" on newsgroup archives.
那些试图追踪通过邮件传播的连锁信件受到选择性偏差的干扰，因为他们只包括了那些新闻组档案里过时的帖子。
A joint data association and bias estimation method is proposed to handle the negative effect of individual radar bias to track association and fusion in radar networks for target tracking.
针对雷达组网目标跟踪系统中，单雷达系统偏差严重影响多雷达航迹数据关联及融合跟踪质量的问题，提出了一种联合数据关联与系统偏差估计的方法。
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