The most serious problems are total measurement uncertainty, CMP process robustness, and device correlation.

最严重的问题是总的测量方法不确定、CMP工艺的坚固性以及器件的相互关系。

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By using a double phase lock in amplifier to measure the AC strain, the measurement error can be decreased to 0.4% of the total measurement range.

如果使用双相位锁相放大器测量交变的被测量，误差将减小到全量程的0.4%以内。

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The various uncertainty items are calculated to compose the total measurement uncertainty and to get the expanded uncertainty. The uncertainty of DCICAR under one solar constant is 0.11%.

论文分别估算出产生DCICAR测量不确定度的各项分量的大小，得到DCICAR的合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度，DCICAR在一个太阳常数下的测量不确定度为0.11%。

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China's total social financing, a broader measurement of credit, jumped to 7.9 trillion yuan in the first four months of the year, up from 4.85 trillion yuan a year earlier.

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Measurement at the level of total sales dilutes the measured ad effect by including all the repeat purchases.

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In the Gini measurement, zero means perfect equality and 1 means total inequality.

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