Usually, ionospheric Total Electron Conten (TEC) variation with time can be viewed as a stationary random process under quiet conditions.

平静状态下电离层总电子含量(TEC)随时间的变化通常可以视为平稳随机过程。

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When the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite is low, the contribution of the Total Electron Contents (TEC) above the satellite is not neglectable for inversion of GPS-LEO ionospheric occultation.

电离层掩星观测中，当低轨卫星(LEO)轨道高度较低时，轨道以上的电离层电子总含量(TEC)对掩星反演的影响不能忽略。

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Based on the linear correlation between the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and solar activity, an empirical model of the TEC is derived using the measured data of the TEC at Xinxiang.

基于电离层总电子含量与太阳活动性之间的线性相关关系，利用在新乡长期测量所得的电离层总电子含量的资料，得出了总电子含量的一种经验模式。

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So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.

所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, what we can do is figure out what we would expect the binding energy of that electron to be in the case of this total shielding.

完全屏蔽的案例中,期望的电子结合,能再次记住,结合能物理上来说是。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Let this represent the total energy of the incident electron.

让这个来表示入射电子的,总能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Using the underground Sudbury neutrino detector, an international group of researchers has been able to determine that the observed number of electron-neutrinos is only a fraction of the total number emitted from the Sun - clear evidence that the particles change type en route to Earth.

BBC: SNO, SNO