Fly larvae are the top-level predator in the pitcher, the analogues of terrestrial tigers or wolves.

在猪笼草中，蝇幼虫是最高层次的捕食者，类似于陆地的老虎和狼。

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In chapter 3, in this paper, we investigated a three trophic level food chain system with periodic constant impulsive perturbations for top predator.

第三章将在对顶级捕食者进行脉冲干扰，即周期性的向食物链中投放定量的顶级捕食者的前提下，研究三种群食物链系统的稳定性。

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