Producing greater product variety form a factory implies shorter production runs, which in turn implies an inability to realize economies of scale.

工厂生产更多的产品种类意味着缩短了生产周期，也就意味着无法实现规模经济。

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These include a need for further large-scale trials, official approval of the product in several countries, and a relatively short shelf-life in its normal ready-to-spray liquid form.

这些因素包括进一步开展大规模试验的需要，数个国家对该产品的正式批准，和其普通的现成喷雾液类型相对较短的货架寿命。

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In the design phase, Kim started with a lot of sketching on paper and modeling in clay or foam to develop an understanding of the form and scale of the project.

在设计阶段，Kim首先是在纸上画草图，然后用泥土和泡沫做模型，深入了解工程的构造和规模。

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After leaving the liver, the prohormone can be converted in the kidneys to the hormone form of vitamin D on a (relatively) large scale to be distributed throughout the body, or it can be converted on a small scale in local tissues.

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Some residents held out hope that the facility might be restored to its original form, while others wished for the pool to be rebuilt on a much smaller scale.

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The first company to develop an effective vaccine is rewarded with a prize in the form of large scale purchases of its vaccine.

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