OK, so we ended up last time, we talked about Joule-Thomson expansion, which is an irreversible expansion through a nozzle, through a porous plug, constant enthalpy expansion.

上节课，我们讨论了焦耳-汤姆逊，膨胀过程,也就是气体，通过毛细管。

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That - irreversible changes happen all the time too but here I'm talking about very subtle small changes where you're changing the structure of the protein but only a little bit such that it can go back.

这种不可逆的改变时时刻刻都在发生,但我在这里想讲的是,对蛋白质结构进行微小的改变,小到这种改变是可逆的

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Strategic blunders at one-time industry leaders such as Sony and Blackberry have caused irreversible financial damage.

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As I spent time talking to various CEOs from these and other companies, I realized this zeitgeist is irreversible.

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