This time the curve has become inverted mainly because long-term yields have fallen so much.

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Even Palm's trajectory might have been different if it had inverted its thinking in time: Imagine a Palm Pilot not as a personal information manager with connectivity, but a connected device with PIM applications, and you have described exactly what the smartphone is today.

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But what if we inverted these assumptions and gave each student the time needed to master concepts so that all students earned As?

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