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It was decided to make the replica half-scale for reasons of cost and time, and synthetic materials were used for the stitching.

由于成本和时间的原因，我们决定将复制品缩小一半，并使用合成材料来缝合。

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Direct costs include participants' time and materials.

直接成本包括参与者的时间和材料。

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Secondly, the outcome-based approach requires companies to map out goals more precisely than with time-and-materials models.

FORBES: The Benefits of A More Thoughtful Approach To Consulting

They may offer not only, potential savings over time-and-materials approaches, but also the confidence to push forward with other initiatives.

FORBES: An Opportunity For The CIO

One improvement, suggests Mr Sokolski, would be to install more real-time remote-monitoring cameras, so inspectors can check more reliably that materials and equipment are not being diverted to covert use.

ECONOMIST: Troubling flaws in the world's nuclear safeguards