Spring framework is used to tie together the components in the Data Access Layer, the Business Logic Layer, and the Presentation Layer.
Spring框架用于将数据访问层、业务逻辑层和表示层中的各组件结合在一起。
The data Access Layer utilizes WPF data binding to tie UI components to business logic or data components.
数据接口层(Data Access Layer)利用WPF实现UI组件对业务逻辑和数据组件的绑定。
The substrate structure comprises a substrate layer and a substrate tie layer.
基片结构物包括基片层和基片粘结层。
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