There is a biological rhythm for learning, though it affects different people in different ways.

学习是有生物节律的，尽管它对不同的人造成影响的方式不同。

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By contrast the estate tax, even though it affects few families, has a high public profile.

FORBES: Where's My Tax Cut?

Though the region suffers from rampant piracy, it mainly affects international shipping rather than locals.

ECONOMIST: Somalia��s woes

In other words, Mr Mishkin suggests the Fed should cut interest rates before a deflating housing bubble affects the real economy, even though it resisted acting before an inflating bubble created dangerous economic distortions.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus