And Thorndike noted that cats do not solve this problem through insight.

桑代克注意到，小猫并不会通过顿悟来解决这一问题。

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The phrase was first coined by Edward Thorndike, a psychologist who used it in a study published in 1920 to describe the way that commanding officers rated their soldiers.

这个词语是由心理学家爱德华·桑代克创造的。1920年，他在一份研究军官对士兵评分的研究报告中使用了这个词。

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Thorndike, lynn, ed. the sphere of sacrobosco and its commentators. chicago : university of chicago press, 1949. pp. 118 - 23

兰桑戴克编辑《萨克罗博斯科的天球及其评论》 。芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社， 1949年。页118 - 23 。

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So, the idea itself was developed in the nicest form by Thorndike who explored how animals learn.

这个观点,是由探究动物如何学习的,桑代克所提出的。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And Thorndike noted that cats do not solve this problem through insight.

桑代克注意到,小猫并不会通过顿悟来解决这一问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Now, here's what Thorndike concluded from his study.

桑代克得出的结论是。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

Thorndike uses the method adopted by Romney to draw comparisons: total taxes owed divided by adjusted gross income.

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Thorndike notes that rates have generally declined over the decades, beneffiting presidents as well as the rest of us.

FORBES: How Romney's Tax Rate Compares To Past Presidents

The 200-seat theatre has hosted figures from Georgian star Edmund Kean to Dame Sybil Thorndike, Joyce Grenfell and Alan Bennett.

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