By promising to release, at some point later this year, an operating system for personal computers the online giant is launching a direct attack on Microsoft, the world's biggest software firm.

互联网巨头承诺将于今年底某些时候发布一款针对个人电脑的操作系统，借此向微软这个世界上最大的软件公司发起直接进攻。

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In the context of this article, an operating system running directly on hardware is a physical (or non-virtualized) system.

在本文的背景下，在硬件上直接运行的操作系统是一个物理系统(或者“非虚拟化系统”)。

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This is why most observers expected the thorough changes that have now been announced, especially as concerns the operating system on which Nokia intends to bet its future.

这也就是为什么许多旁观者期待的全新的改变已经亮相，尤其是对于诺基亚手机操作系统的期待，这如同是公司的未来。

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This is because the operating system and pre-loaded software are all on the flash memory.

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This is why most observers expect him to carry out thorough changes, concerning in particular the operating system on which Nokia intends to bet its future.

ECONOMIST: Nokia at the crossroads: Blazing platforms | The

Hopefully Microsoft puts this on its Windows Phone 7 operating system, which is due in the fall.

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