The cathode -governed VAD plasma is not in a local thermal equilibrium condition, and the ion demonstrates high directed velocity in excess of its thermal value.
由阴极过程主导的VAD等离子体并不满足局部热力学平衡条件，其中的离子表现出非常强的流动性。
An electron plasma may be in thermal equilibrium state under the confinement by electric and magnetic fields.
电子等离子体在静磁场和静电场的束缚下，可以达到热平衡态。
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